طراحی اپلیکیشن در Nord-Pas-de-Calais فرانسه

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Nord-Pas de Calais is a former French administrative region located between the Picardie region, Belgium and the English Channel, it covers a surface of 12,414km².

In 2016, the region was home to 4.

1m inhabitants, representing 6.

1% of the French population.

This makes it one of the most densely populated regions in the country, with 330 inhabitants per km².

The regional capital is Lille (Eurostat, 2017).

The past few decades have witnessed the decline of traditional industrial sectors such as coal, steel and textiles but the associated economic restructuring has resulted in the development of new dynamic sectors including: transport, waste management, ICT/digital industries and cultural and creative industries, etc.

(OP ERDF 2014 – 2020, p.

4).

Nord-Pas de Calais merged with Picardie in 2015 to form the Hauts-de-France region.

In 2015, the Nord-Pas de Calais region accounted for 5.

0% of the annual French gross domestic product (GDP), making it the fifth most important region in terms of its share of the national figure (Eurostat, 2017).

However, the region remains a medium-sized economy at the national scale, as it stands well behind the top-three French regions.

In addition, its GDP per capita expressed in PPS was €24,900, which only represented 81.

3% of the French national average (€30,600, in 2015) (Eurostat, 2017).

In 2016, the active population of Nord-Pas de Calais was 1,7m persons amounting to 5.

8% of the total French active population (15-74-year olds).

The unemployment rate was 13.

3%, 3.

2% above the national average (French rate: 10.

1%).

Youth unemployment (15-24-year olds) is very high at 30.

7% (French rate: 24.

7%).

Nevertheless, a significant decrease can be noted since 2012, when youth unemployment reached 34.

8%, (Eurostat, 2017).

The high youth employment rate is corroborated by the education figure.

The percentage of 30-34-year olds who attained tertiary education has decreased by an average 3.

3% per year since 2012 and reached 36.

2% in 2016, much below the national rate (43.

6%) (Eurostat, 2017).

The regional economy was historically dominated by heavy industry, notably coal mines, textiles and metallurgy.

However, the closure of the coal mines was part of a more general industrial decline, despite state efforts to boost the industrial sector by supporting the development of the automobile industry for example.

In 2014, the main industries present in the region were transportation (railway and automobile industry – accounting for 46% of the employees on the industry sector), metallurgy, agro-food and non-mineral material industry (plastic and rubber) (INSEE, Atlas de l’Industrie – Nord-Pas de Calais, 2014).

Nevertheless, employment in the industry sector (not including construction) has decreased on average by 3.

9% per year since 2012 (Eurostat, 2017).

Many of the lost jobs have been replaced by service industry-related activities.

As a result, regional employment in the service sector in 2016 was almost equal to the national level (77.

3% at the regional levels and 76.

8% at national level), whilst the industrial employment has moved towards the national average (20.

9% vs.

20.

4%).

The remaining deficit is found in the agricultural sector, where the regional share of employment is only half the national level (1.

5% vs.

2.

8%) (Eurostat, 2017).

In 2013, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region spent €959,3m on R&D which only accounted for 0.

92% of the region’s GDP, a figure increasing by average with 3% per year, between 2010 and 2013, but still much below the national average (French GERD 2013: 2.

24%) (Eurostat, 2017).

The structure of R&D expenditure in the region shows that there is a low level of public expenditure (4.

3% vs 13.

0% at the national level), as well as a low level of business expenditure (48.

3% against 64.

7% at the national level).

As a result, the region’s research and development activity is mostly funded through higher education (47.

5%), more than twice as much the national figure (20.

8% in 2013) (Eurostat, 2017).

The region’s low investment on R&D also reflects on the percentage of employees working in high-technologies: in Nord-Pas de Calais region, in 2016, only 2.

0% of the population worked in high-tech (in both industry and services) against 4.

0% at the national level (Eurostat, 2017).

On the other hand, the region has strong higher education infrastructures to support R&D actors.

The “community” of university (ComUE) of Lille – Nord de France brings together six public universities and 22 associated members, it is home to 115,000 students and was co-founded with two national research centres: the French National Centre for Scientific Research (Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS) and the French National Institute for computer science and applied mathematics (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA) and has six doctoral schools (3000 PhD students and 4600 researchers) (ComUE – Lille Nord de France, 2016).

The region has seven competitiveness clusters: transportation (i-Trans), sea products (Aquimer), trade industry (PICOM), materials and chemistry (Matikem), silver economy (Nutrition Santé Longévité), textile (Up-tex) and recycling (Team²).

One of their major roles is to support research and development activities.

Despite a large and varied higher education sector and the presence of many competitive clusters, the region has filed a limited amount of patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO).

In 2012, Nord-Pas-de-Calais filed 155 applications to the EPO, 2.

2% of the French applications.

This corresponds to 3.

4 applications per 100,000 inhabitants, against 10.

7 at the national level (Eurostat, 2017).

In terms of ICT infrastructure, 76% of households have broadband access (compared to 79% at the national level) (Eurostat, 2017).

In the Regional Innovation Scoreboard, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais is ranked as a strong innovator after oscillating between moderate and strong innovator since 2008.

Its performance has increased over time.

The weaknesses of the region are due mainly to the lack of business expenditure (51% and 54% of French and European averages respectively) on research and development, which also translates in a lack of in-house SME innovation.

On the other hand, the region’s strengths lies on the public sectors expenditures (performing 108% of the French average and 112% of the European average) and private expenditure on R&D (achieving 119% of the French average and 126% of the European average) expenditure.

Another regional strength is lifelong learning: as the region has a rather low education attainment and invests heavily in lifelong courses to foster employment.

The region’s weaknesses include design and trademark applications indicators, as well as non-R&D innovation expenditure (investment in equipment and machinery, acquisition of patents and diffusion of technology and ideas).

The “NOTRe” law of 2015 has reshaped the perimeter of a number of the French administrative regions and reinforced the scope of their powers and regional coordination actions in terms of the support they provide in the fields of economic development and innovation.

The Hauts-de-France regional council is the managing authority in charge of coordinating and facilitating the liaison between stakeholders from the Nord-Pas de Calais region and also now the Picardie innovation ecosystem including: The new regional council of Hauts-de-France (based on the merger of Nord-Pas de Calais and Picardie) is the authority who coordinates policy measures from European, national, regional and the infra-regional levels by becoming responsible for managing the various frameworks and strategies, namely: This array of regional policy documents complements the policies designed at the national level and implemented both at the regional and national level, which have an impact on funding and the support provided to the regional innovation system (for example the competitiveness clusters, distribution of the research tax credit).

The regional innovation policy context is described in the SRDEII 2017-2021, which has been designed at the new regional level (Hauts-de-France) and aims at being coherent with other policy documents and notably the RIS3 (which has also been merged for the two former regions).

Innovation policies are supported and co-financed with funds from the ERDF Operational Programme (OP) 2014 – 2020 and the CPER 2015 – 2020.

The SDREII of the Hauts-De-France region targets five innovation sectors, based on the ones defined in both Picardie and Nord-Pas de Calais RIS3: Innovation is also addressed through parts of cross-sector plans: At the national level, The Ministry of economy, industry and digital technology launched in April 2015 the “Industry of the Future”, an initiative which consolidates the initial 34 sector plans selected in 2013 for the “New Industrial France” into nine market sectors to reinforce sectoral integration and foster cross sectoral cooperation between stakeholders to conquer new markets at the global level: The overall objective of this plan was to support investments in factories to make them more environmentally friendly, smarter, more digital and better integrated into their regional ecosystems and associated value chains.

As part of this strategy regional authorities have been tasked with financing 2,000 to 3,000 industrial diagnoses for SMEs and medium-sized companies.

The Bpifrance finance and innovation agency is also involved in supporting some of these companies with loans.

The industry of the future programme is funded by the Hauts-de-France region, which funds up to 80% SME audits.

Following the audit, the region helps the company to develop an action and investment plan.

Finally, it organises the monitoring and evaluation of the project.

Advanced manufacturing is also addressed for example through the Railenium Institute of technology, a research and development partnership gathering nine research centres, 18 railway-related factories and two railway network managers.

The programme aims to create R&D and innovation, make tests and organise the training of the value chain stakeholders.

In 2015, the Nord-Pas de Calais region accounted for 5.

0% of the annual French gross domestic product (GDP), making it the fifth most important region in terms of its share of the national figure (Eurostat, 2017).

However, the region remains a medium-sized economy at the national scale, as it stands well behind the top-three French regions.

In addition, its GDP per capita expressed in PPS was €24,900, which only represented 81.

3% of the French national average (€30,600, in 2015) (Eurostat, 2017).

In 2016, the active population of Nord-Pas de Calais was 1,7m persons amounting to 5.

8% of the total French active population (15-74-year olds).

The unemployment rate was 13.

3%, 3.

2% above the national average (French rate: 10.

1%).

Youth unemployment (15-24-year olds) is very high at 30.

7% (French rate: 24.

7%).

Nevertheless, a significant decrease can be noted since 2012, when youth unemployment reached 34.

8%, (Eurostat, 2017).

The high youth employment rate is corroborated by the education figure.

The percentage of 30-34-year olds who attained tertiary education has decreased by an average 3.

3% per year since 2012 and reached 36.

2% in 2016, much below the national rate (43.

6%) (Eurostat, 2017).

The regional economy was historically dominated by heavy industry, notably coal mines, textiles and metallurgy.

However, the closure of the coal mines was part of a more general industrial decline, despite state efforts to boost the industrial sector by supporting the development of the automobile industry for example.

In 2014, the main industries present in the region were transportation (railway and automobile industry – accounting for 46% of the employees on the industry sector), metallurgy, agro-food and non-mineral material industry (plastic and rubber) (INSEE, Atlas de l’Industrie – Nord-Pas de Calais, 2014).

Nevertheless, employment in the industry sector (not including construction) has decreased on average by 3.

9% per year since 2012 (Eurostat, 2017).

Many of the lost jobs have been replaced by service industry-related activities.

As a result, regional employment in the service sector in 2016 was almost equal to the national level (77.

3% at the regional levels and 76.

8% at national level), whilst the industrial employment has moved towards the national average (20.

9% vs.

20.

4%).

The remaining deficit is found in the agricultural sector, where the regional share of employment is only half the national level (1.

5% vs.

2.

8%) (Eurostat, 2017).

In 2013, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region spent €959,3m on R&D which only accounted for 0.

92% of the region’s GDP, a figure increasing by average with 3% per year, between 2010 and 2013, but still much below the national average (French GERD 2013: 2.

24%) (Eurostat, 2017).

The structure of R&D expenditure in the region shows that there is a low level of public expenditure (4.

3% vs 13.

0% at the national level), as well as a low level of business expenditure (48.

3% against 64.

7% at the national level).

As a result, the region’s research and development activity is mostly funded through higher education (47.

5%), more than twice as much the national figure (20.

8% in 2013) (Eurostat, 2017).

The region’s low investment on R&D also reflects on the percentage of employees working in high-technologies: in Nord-Pas de Calais region, in 2016, only 2.

0% of the population worked in high-tech (in both industry and services) against 4.

0% at the national level (Eurostat, 2017).

On the other hand, the region has strong higher education infrastructures to support R&D actors.

The “community” of university (ComUE) of Lille – Nord de France brings together six public universities and 22 associated members, it is home to 115,000 students and was co-founded with two national research centres: the French National Centre for Scientific Research (Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS) and the French National Institute for computer science and applied mathematics (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA) and has six doctoral schools (3000 PhD students and 4600 researchers) (ComUE – Lille Nord de France, 2016).

The region has seven competitiveness clusters: transportation (i-Trans), sea products (Aquimer), trade industry (PICOM), materials and chemistry (Matikem), silver economy (Nutrition Santé Longévité), textile (Up-tex) and recycling (Team²).

One of their major roles is to support research and development activities.

Despite a large and varied higher education sector and the presence of many competitive clusters, the region has filed a limited amount of patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO).

In 2012, Nord-Pas-de-Calais filed 155 applications to the EPO, 2.

2% of the French applications.

This corresponds to 3.

4 applications per 100,000 inhabitants, against 10.

7 at the national level (Eurostat, 2017).

In terms of ICT infrastructure, 76% of households have broadband access (compared to 79% at the national level) (Eurostat, 2017).

In the Regional Innovation Scoreboard, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais is ranked as a strong innovator after oscillating between moderate and strong innovator since 2008.

Its performance has increased over time.

The weaknesses of the region are due mainly to the lack of business expenditure (51% and 54% of French and European averages respectively) on research and development, which also translates in a lack of in-house SME innovation.

On the other hand, the region’s strengths lies on the public sectors expenditures (performing 108% of the French average and 112% of the European average) and private expenditure on R&D (achieving 119% of the French average and 126% of the European average) expenditure.

Another regional strength is lifelong learning: as the region has a rather low education attainment and invests heavily in lifelong courses to foster employment.

The region’s weaknesses include design and trademark applications indicators, as well as non-R&D innovation expenditure (investment in equipment and machinery, acquisition of patents and diffusion of technology and ideas).

The “NOTRe” law of 2015 has reshaped the perimeter of a number of the French administrative regions and reinforced the scope of their powers and regional coordination actions in terms of the support they provide in the fields of economic development and innovation.

The Hauts-de-France regional council is the managing authority in charge of coordinating and facilitating the liaison between stakeholders from the Nord-Pas de Calais region and also now the Picardie innovation ecosystem including: The new regional council of Hauts-de-France (based on the merger of Nord-Pas de Calais and Picardie) is the authority who coordinates policy measures from European, national, regional and the infra-regional levels by becoming responsible for managing the various frameworks and strategies, namely: This array of regional policy documents complements the policies designed at the national level and implemented both at the regional and national level, which have an impact on funding and the support provided to the regional innovation system (for example the competitiveness clusters, distribution of the research tax credit).

The regional innovation policy context is described in the SRDEII 2017-2021, which has been designed at the new regional level (Hauts-de-France) and aims at being coherent with other policy documents and notably the RIS3 (which has also been merged for the two former regions).

Innovation policies are supported and co-financed with funds from the ERDF Operational Programme (OP) 2014 – 2020 and the CPER 2015 – 2020.

The SDREII of the Hauts-De-France region targets five innovation sectors, based on the ones defined in both Picardie and Nord-Pas de Calais RIS3: Innovation is also addressed through parts of cross-sector plans: At the national level, The Ministry of economy, industry and digital technology launched in April 2015 the “Industry of the Future”, an initiative which consolidates the initial 34 sector plans selected in 2013 for the “New Industrial France” into nine market sectors to reinforce sectoral integration and foster cross sectoral cooperation between stakeholders to conquer new markets at the global level: The overall objective of this plan was to support investments in factories to make them more environmentally friendly, smarter, more digital and better integrated into their regional ecosystems and associated value chains.

As part of this strategy regional authorities have been tasked with financing 2,000 to 3,000 industrial diagnoses for SMEs and medium-sized companies.

The Bpifrance finance and innovation agency is also involved in supporting some of these companies with loans.

The industry of the future programme is funded by the Hauts-de-France region, which funds up to 80% SME audits.

Following the audit, the region helps the company to develop an action and investment plan.

Finally, it organises the monitoring and evaluation of the project.

Advanced manufacturing is also addressed for example through the Railenium Institute of technology, a research and development partnership gathering nine research centres, 18 railway-related factories and two railway network managers.

The programme aims to create R&D and innovation, make tests and organise the training of the value chain stakeholders.